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''Carduus pycnocephalus'', with common names including Italian thistle, Italian plumeless thistle, and Plymouth thistle, is a species of thistle. It is native to: the Mediterranean region in southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia; East Europe and the Caucasus; and the Indian Subcontinent.〔(Species account from ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) — ''Carduus pycnocephalus'' ) . accessed 4.8.2013〕 The plant has become an introduced species in other regions, and on other continents, often becoming a noxious weed or invasive species. ==Description== A winter annual, ''Carduus pycnocephalus'' stems range from to , and are glabrous to slightly wooly. The multiple stems are winged with spines.〔(U.S. National Park Service: Invasive Non-Native Plants in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks — Italian Thistle )〕 The plant grows in a rosettes of in diameter, with four to ten lobed basal leaves that are long. Cauline leaves are tomentose on the underside and contain spines on the lobe tips.〔 Flower heads are 2-5 per cluster, densely matted with cobwebby hairs at the base of the phyllaries and spiny towards the tips. Corollas are pink to purple, approx. .4-.6 in (1-1.4 cm) long, and the fruits are brown to gold, with a bristly, minutely barbed pappus.〔〔(Jepson; Hickman 1993 )〕〔Bossard, CC., J.M. Randall, and M. Hoshovsky. (eds.); (Invasive Plants of California’s Wildlands ); University of California Press, Berkeley, CA; 2000.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carduus pycnocephalus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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